The Fallacy Of Love By Jhumpa Lahiri - 1822 Words

The Fallacy of Love The taste of poison on his lips. The agony of knowledge that should have never been shared. Jhumpa Lahiri’s â€Å"A Temporary Matter† and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† both speak to the universal human theme, love, by exploring how we often hurt most those we love most. In order to keep her love forever, Miss Emily poisons her lover. In realization of the end of their marriage, Shukumar retributes his wife’s disclosure of her new, individual apartment with a description of their unborn son, something Shoba never wanted to know. In both short stories, the characters love, or loved, each other, yet something corrupts their love and their relationship, be it the psychological and sociological repercussions of an†¦show more content†¦Shoba â€Å"took his [Shukumar’s] hand and pressed it† at one point (Lahiri, 18), while Shukumar commented that â€Å"they were able to talk to each other again.† (Lahiri, 19). On the final nights, â€Å"he began kissing her awkwardly on her forehead and her face,† and they made â€Å"love with a desperation they had forgotten.† (Lahiri, 19). Even the act of sharing their deepest untold secrets is in part a desperate last measure by two people who once loved each other to reestablish their relationship after a significant trauma. All these acts are heavily romantic, evoking sentiments of love, yet the last three already hint at the eventual destruction of their marriage. While he does kiss her, potentially for the first meaningful time in a long while, he does so â€Å"awkwardly.† The kiss is not natural, thus showing their relationship still has issues to overcome before they resume their previous intimacy. Additionally, they made love with â€Å"a desperation,† which could be interpreted as them merely resuming a previously dead sexual life, or a subtle implication that they know this will be the last time they make love. Finally , the sharing of secrets serves the double function of providing a way to reconnect and the potential for the sharing of destructive secrets. By simultaneously offering a potential rekindling and an imminent destruction of their relationship, Lahiri demonstrates the love that had once existed and sets up their

Needs of a Veteran with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Needs of a Veteran with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Should veterans be able to live on their own with post-traumatic stress disorder? Going from living a great life with nothing wrong to being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, also known as PTSD, is a life changing event for anyone, but should veterans be treated differently from everyone else? Life of Ted Olsen was normal before he was knocked unconscious by a â€Å"massive garage door that jumped a track on base and crashed down on his head† and diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. After several surgeries and recovery, Ted was forced to leave the Navy, which then gave him a great abundance of free time. Ted would go outside to get fresh air every once in a while, but mainly he stayed in the house. Well, that was until Ted met his new neighbors AJ and Genie Sanders, as well as gaining a new hobby. Ted figured that his new hobby was the solution to releasing all of his emotions, so he stops taking his prescribed medicine. Soon, Ted began to daze off, hear voices, vandalize, and threaten his neighbors. AJ and Genie set up security cameras outside their house and caught Ted vandalizing their car. Ted was sent to jail where he proceeded to go untreated, until he was transferred Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg. After weeks of therapy and being treated for post-traumatic stress disorder, they referred Ted to the Poplar Springs Hospital. When all evaluations were done and he was doing better, Ted wasShow MoreRelatedHell And Back Again : Movie Analysis1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat provides a documentary that assesses the impacts of war on a wounded veteran as he struggles with the challenges of shifting to civilian life. In examining these effects, the movie includes an exceptionally depiction of the unusual drama of war and the less outrageous experience of adjusting to civilian life as the character returns home. The movie is considered as one of the best movies that shows the plight of veterans during and after engagement in war. Even though there have been variousRead MorePTSD Research Paper1674 Words   |  7 PagesSykes English III Honors 7 April 2014 Living with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Today, hundreds of thousands of service men and women and recent military veterans have seen combat. Many have been shot at, seen their buddies killed, or witnessed death up close. These are types of events that can lead to Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: A Growing Epidemic. â€Å") Anyone that has gone through a traumatic event can be diagnosed with PTSD but research shows, militaryRead MoreThe Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder1621 Words   |  6 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a medical condition that many people suffer from at different ages. Most of the people that have suffered from PTSD have done so due to a major trauma that occurred at some point in their life. Even though the trauma could have happened months or even years earlier, the symptoms can come back when an event or the anniversary of the trauma triggers the memory of the traumatic event. Some of the traumas that cause post-traumatic stress di sorder are rapeRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesor suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to a redeploying soldier who has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences. PTSDRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )877 Words   |  4 PagesFirstly, Post Tramatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is a relatively new diagnosis amongst the psychiatric association. This diagnosis is for the individuals who have been involved or witnessed a tramatic event and experience anxiety, re-experienceing event symptoms, whom avoid situations, display a negative change in feelings or beliefs, or experiencing hyperarousal. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was officially awcknowledged as a diagnosis in 1980 by The American Psychiatric Association (APA). TheRead MoreEssay on Women Dealing with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder638 Words   |  3 PagesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among the women’s population of non-Hispanic Whites, African American, and Hispanic. The population of Hispanics and African American female’s veterans, in terms of gender, experience a higher symptom of PTSD than male veterans. The study is aimed at providing analysis demog raphic characteristics, diagnostic validity, and the normative sampling, among the three ethnic populations of women who experienced treatment for PTSD compared to servicemen veterans. HarrisonRead MoreAccelerated Resolution Therapy ( Art ) Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesAccelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) is a fairly new treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that is being geared mainly towards combat veterans whom have experienced some sort of psychological trauma. Accelerated Resolution Therapy is delivered in 2-5 sessions and does not require the use of medications. By using rapid eye motions, similar to what occurs during dreaming, Accelerated Resolution Therapy works directly to change the way in which distressing memories are stored in the brain soRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 PagesToday, 44.7 million veterans are struggling with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definitionRead MoreWhat Are Invisible Wounds Of War?1411 Words   |  6 Pagesreintegration of the war veteran to society (pg.11). Within invisible wounds it was mentioned that ‘Three invisible signature wounds of the current war have emerged. They are PTSD, major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms, and Traumatic brain injury† (Pryce, et al, 2012, p.11). Due to the Home based of veteran and family care, roughly a third of the nation’s nearly three million Post-9/11 Service Members have sustained a traumatic brain injury or will suffer from post-traumatic stress and related conditions;

Consequences of Postmodernism in the Movie Free Essays

How the movie â€Å"American Psycho† relates to the post modern society of America in the 80†² IIS Postmodernism was first seen in the late nineteenth century, but after the second world war it was applied to people’s everyday life. â€Å"American Psycho† portraits the reality and consequences of postmodernism through the mysterious life of Patrick Bateman as the â€Å"American Psycho†. Patrick Bateman is the main character of the movie, and the whole world is seen through his eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of Postmodernism in the Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now The moral in the movie is that there are no morals, it is one big twisted game fighting for status. Patriot’s life comes focused on this goal through worshipping the surface through capitalistic, consumerist and narcissistic behavior. The â€Å"Business card† scene definitely displays that Patrick Bateman perceives the world as post modernistic. Nothing has meaning to it in Patriot’s mind, as ideologies, goodness and love. What Bateman can relate to are the materialistic aspects for example the business cards where it meaner everything to him to have the best card which is only an illusion of himself. Bateman and the phenomenon, postmodernism are the idea that nothing is real Just an illusion and that everything is a copy of something that’s already been duplicated. This movie has many different ways to look at it. Many have seen this movie and thought whether this is all real or if it’s Just his crazy twisted mind, making it all up. One thing we can agree on is the fact that Patrick Bateman is a mentally disturbed person. Maybe all this violence and blood displayed in this movie, are the feelings of the author towards the post modernistic society that we have and do live in, this is him showing his hatred towards it. This is why it is irrelevant whether it is real or not, t is this feeling the author has towards this twisted society that you must understand and to feel it you must see it in action. When societies redefine, the people also redefine this is the process we see in Batsman’s life. He is always thriving to redefine himself both through his physical body and through his materialistic belongings. This thriving for the idealistic image is the meaning of life for Patrick Bateman, all of his actions and thought are focused on redefining himself compared to the redefining society. Survival becomes a key point in this society. Bateman is trying to survive in his sick society. By surviving it meaner to keep up with all the materialistic ideologies of the perfect being. His survival for this we see when he does his regular morning exercise followed by a skin mask to the battle of business cards. One of postmodernists big aspects is the value given to the materialistic aspects of society, everything has lost its soul even people are described almost as if they were products. People are no longer Judged by their true selves but through what clothes they wear, what perfume they use and how much money they own. An example from he movie is the big importance of which restaurant to eat at. It is not whether the food is good, it is what image it represents to the surrounding people. Patrick Bateman is trying to sell himself all the time. He does this Just like you would advertise a bottle of coca-cola. He wants the surrounding people to associate him with the best restaurant, business card and even the look of his girlfriend. This is exactly how coca-cola tries to sell us this idea of happiness and fairytale world when you open a bottle of coca-cola, this they do through advertisements as we see it with Bateman, who becomes a product. Creating this image of yourself is pure postmodernism. The movie shows this to us in such a clear way though Patrick Bateman description of himself. â€Å"‘ have all the characteristics of a human being: blood, flesh, skin, hair; but not a single, clear, identifiable emotion, except for greed and disgust. † and â€Å"there is an idea of a Patrick Bateman; some kind of abstraction. But there is no real me: only an entity, something illusory. And though I can hide my cold gaze, and you can shake my hand and feel flesh gripping yours and maybe you can even sense our lifestyles are probably comparable†¦ I simply am not there†. To understand this you must understand that the soul is your true being. Through postmodernism the soul dies due to always having to manipulate and create this illusory image of one self, but by doing this the soul is getting buried so deep beneath this image, that it is almost non-existing. The whole point of a post modernistic life is trying to create this perfect picture of yourself, instead of finding your true self by removing all mindsets and ideologies given to you by this manipulative society trying to give you ideologies, norms and rules that bury our soul. This movie is showing postmodernism at its finest. All values, ideologies and norms have vanished and now they are meaningless. In the end the only thing you can really reflect on is one self. Bateman is wandering around a materialistic â€Å"yuppie society†, where people are so concerned and busy with their outer, status and themselves, that they don’t see how gruesome and crazy Bateman really is. All the violence in itself is not that important for the meaning of the movie. What really is trying to be shown in this movie is this outrage towards the post modernistic society and how it can affect you. How to cite Consequences of Postmodernism in the Movie, Papers

Individual Leadership Style & Behavior-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Individual Leadership Style and Behavior. Answer: Introduction In the current years, leadership strategies follow most effective new approaches in managing employees along with organizations. Leadership styles are practiced by individuals as it has drastic impact on employee performance. Distinct leadership styles are employed that can fit with employees based on empowerment, directions and decision making power (Antoniadis and House 2013). The objective of this paper is to recognize the individual leadership style factors that impact leadership styles and its impact on banking sector employee behavior. The paper will also explain the impact of individual leadership styles on the workforce. Moreover, based on the leadership model analysis used by the individual within banking sector certain actions will be recommended that can enhance leadership behavior of employees within the sector. Factors Impacting Choice of Leadership Style and Behavior in Workplace Situations Every situation is distinct and a leadership style is implemented within a situation will not be applicable in another. The leader must employ judgment in deciding suitable leadership style required in each situation (Bormann and Abrahamson 2014). A situational initiative to leadership recognizes four leadership styles including: Persuasive Authoritative Consultative Democratic In context of key frontline supervisory leadership role in banking sector leadership is segmented in two manners. The first being the day of working within banking sector that encompass directing training individual groups and work and another one is increasing response to emergency situations (Carter and Greer 2013). Aspects common to both situations that can impact leadership style and behavior that can be used include individuals involved and competence level, task nature, supervision level required by task, the place where tasks must be performed, the way task is performed and associated priority level. In case of an emergency certain factors that must be considered includes: Time available for task accomplishment Nature and level of involved risks In a situation of routine aspects of job working patterns and activities might be predictable fairly and so several styles and behaviors can be suitable based on points mentioned above. However, democratic consultative and perusable leadership styles might be employed in equal measure (Tyson 2013). In such context authoritative style might be used when discipline and performance issues arise. Reasons for Leadership Style or Behavior Have Positive or Negative Impact on Individual or Group Behavior Employed leadership style should address situation needs along with taking into consideration concerned individuals; a leader must understand that both negative and positive impacts must be considered (Hinojosa et al. 2014). In deciding appropriate leadership style for a situation, the leader must remain aware of likely unintended consequences in consideration to team if style is unsuitable for a situation or associated people. Authoritative leadership style involves leaders to make every decision and indicate the team the things that can be suitable in time focused risk sensitive conditions, specifically where the team are not trained properly and does not have understanding of a situation. Positives of effective implementation of this style include speed of action, purpose clarity and doubt removal considering the aspects needed of individuals and teams (Johnston and Marshall 2016). In improper implementation certain negative behavior of employees can arise such as confidence loss, de-motivation, issues with morale and team that does not participate actively and stays relied on the leader (Roueche, Baker III and Rose 2014). Persuasive leadership style involves salesmanship in which leader sells decisions and objectives to team through explaining decision reasons. In such scenario, the manager might attain positives like being observed by team to identify their importance and indicating concern for them along with attaining buy in from individuals and team (Kroll and Vogel 2014). If implemented inappropriately, this leadership style can reveal negative results as not all leaders attain ability to sell decisions convincingly and implementation of this style might make leaders appear weak in case they constantly try to justify or sell their decisions. Democrative style facilitates the leaders to make the team develop and decide actions that might be suitable for a team that performs at high level (Tyssen, Wald and Spieth 2013). Leadership functions can be shared with the group and individuals that has increased consideration in decision making along with implementation of procedures and actions. Advantages of such style encompass securing team commitment to decisions along with their implementation that can facilitate team and individual development with enhanced morale (Lussier and Achua 2015). Disadvantages of improper implementation of this style considers that in constitution of unclear team roles, this can result in communication failures. There can also be a likely responsible ability solution if no individual is responsible for making decisions (Tate and Yang 2015). As an individual, the role in the banking sector is one of the major tasks that the person is involved in evaluation of the command skills of people those act as initial incident commanders. The results of current evaluations have signified vita training needs for the personnel group and the individual have implemented a consultation process among the group and senior management for recognizing suitable ways to correct such situation (Wallace, de Chernatony and Buil 2013). Understanding Leadership Qualities and Reviewing Individual Leadership Potential and Qualities Evaluating Own Leadership Behaviors and Potential Aligning Leadership Model In the first day of the course a self assessment task was carried out by the individual that identified leadership styles aligning The Tannenbaum and Schmidt Model of situational leadership (Carter 2013). Evaluation of individual results from evaluation evidence of underuse of democratic style along with an intention to favor persuasive leadership style was recognized. This revealed that consultative and authoritative styles remain in accordance with the individuals peers in the course. In such situation, the individual accepts the evaluation results in consideration to persuasive style and is identified that it is likely that application of democratic leadership style can be ignored (Van Wart 2017). The individual therefore needs to recognize practical ways in addressing concerns raised to make sure that the individual regularly implements suitable leadership style to certain situations and employees involved. The individual must regularly evaluate his persuasive style in consideration to democratic and consultative styles (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Comments attained from someone managed by the individual in relation to his leadership style are that attaining set targets, the individual is prone to not associating them in case such targets change that might result in suggesting real under use of consultative leadership style. A co-workers with whom the individual works closely has suggested that he indicates a tendency towards tunnel vision that might correspond to implied support towards persuasive style along with the individuals desire to make people listen to made decisions (Deinert et al. 2015). Line manager of the individual has commented positively on the individuals capability to use several leadership styles as per situational requirements and the manager identified persuasive style preference in the individual through evaluating self-assessment task (Ward 2016). The existing management culture in the banking sector is relied on results attained against previously agreed yearly personal development reviews (Northouse 2015). The reality of such situation is that such service tends to value output volume over the results quality along with old management consultant favorite 80/20 rule is generally misquoted. Till the results are attained and no personal issues take place, the applied leadership style is not relevant. From the individual personal observations, authoritative style is highly prevalent in service in several situations that might be because of increased workloads, capacity issues and time pressures (Epitropaki and Martin 2013). Such factors result in a situation in which authoritative style turns out to be attractive as considering face value this seems quick and simple. Suitable Actions in Improving Individual Leadership Behavior Aligning Leadership Model The suitable actions for improving individual behavior are explained under: Recognizing traits Setting objectives Consulting Involving more personnel earlier Considering persuasive style and under using democratic style Attaining regular feedback from someone the individual manages and works with along with the line manager Setting of target and informing Considering tunnel vision and giving preference to persuasive leadership style Ensuring broader situational awareness along with regular open team meetings that can facilitate two way communication Conclusion The objective of this paper is to recognize the factors that impact leadership styles and its impact on banking sector Bahrain employee behavior. It is gathered from the paper that in banking sector Bahrain the leader strongly believes in teamwork to be most common approach to work that impacts choice of leadership style. Certain employees that wish to instill employees self learning management work importance can work better as transformational leaders. From the leadership model analysis of Banking sector Bahrain, it has been gathered that it is dealing with issues regarding project implementation and making such issues manageable will necessitate the companys leadership model to get restructured that will increase the control level on team work. References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2013. The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bormann, L. and Abrahamson, K., 2014. Do staff nurse perceptions of nurse leadership behaviors influence staff nurse job satisfaction? The case of a hospital applying for Magnet designation.Journal of Nursing Administration,44(4), pp.219-225. Carter, S.M. and Greer, C.R., 2013. Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(4), pp.375-393. Carter, S.M., 2013. Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(4), pp.375-393. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.164-178. Deinert, A., Homan, A.C., Boer, D., Voelpel, S.C. and Gutermann, D., 2015. Transformational leadership sub-dimensions and their link to leaders' personality and performance.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), pp.1095-1120. Epitropaki, O. and Martin, R., 2013. Transformationaltransactional leadership and upward influence: The role of relative leadermember exchanges (RLMX) and perceived organizational support (POS).The Leadership Quarterly,24(2), pp.299-315. Hinojosa, A.S., McCauley, K.D., Randolph-Seng, B. and Gardner, W.L., 2014. Leader and follower attachment styles: Implications for authentic leaderfollower relationships.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), pp.595-610. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kroll, A. and Vogel, D., 2014. The PSMleadership fit: A model of performance information use.Public Administration,92(4), pp.974-991. Lussier, R.N. and Achua, C.F., 2015.Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Onorato, M., 2013. Transformational leadership style in the educational sector: An empirical study of corporate managers and educational leaders.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,17(1), p.33. Roueche, P.E., Baker III, G.A. and Rose, R.R., 2014.Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Tate, G. and Yang, L., 2015. Female leadership and gender equity: Evidence from plant closure.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.77-97. Tyssen, A.K., 2013. Leadership in temporary organizations: A review of leadership theories and a research agenda.Project Management Journal,44(6), pp.52-67. Tyssen, A.K., Wald, A. and Spieth, P., 2013. Leadership in temporary organizations: A review of leadership theories and a research agenda.Project Management Journal,44(6), pp.52-67. Van Wart, M., 2017.Leadership in public organizations: An introduction. Taylor Francis. Wallace, E., de Chernatony, L. and Buil, I., 2013. Building bank brands: How leadership behavior influences employee commitment.Journal of Business Research,66(2), pp.165-171. Ward, J., 2016.Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer.

Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis

The article is a thorough treatise on the dreaded disease ‘Cystic Fibrosis’ which occurs due to a genetic defect, largely in people of Caucasian origin, although it is not exclusive for this particular race (3). It includes systematically collected information about the disease from past as well as the latest reviews available at Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library, besides those from Johns Hopkins University in the US.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The historical prevalence, therapeutic interventions employed for its treatment, the recently identified mechanisms of the disease have been thoroughly elaborated upon and the latest guidelines for handling the disease have been suggested. The treatise follows a lucid, easy to read style which is comprehensible even for a non technical person, except for certain sections which explain the genetic basis of the disease. The flow of the article is built in an appropriate manner by first elucidating the mechanisms of the disease, followed by the latest diagnostic methods employed to detect its presence, the symptoms and clinical manifestations, the effects in different organ systems of the body and finally rounded off by treatment modalities available to handle its various manifestations. The article closes with a peek at the latest endeavours in research on cystic fibrosis. The article however, has more academic than clinical relevance as it is too elaborate to focus on one particular facet of the disease. In the introduction, the author has highlighted the contribution of research on cystic fibrosis, which has enabled a person suffering from this disease to have a better life expectancy due to the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. The disease aetiology has been explained extensively with explanations about the genetic defect which p recipitates it. The cause of the disease has been attributed due to mutation in the gene that encodes for the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein which is expressed in many epithelial and blood cells (3). The finer molecular mechanisms, mutations and effects of CFTR are tabulated on the first page with appropriate detail. According to the author, CFTR primarily functions as a chloride channel besides it multifarious functions in the regulation of sodium transportation and ATP channels. Despite the occurrence of more than 1500 mutations in the CFTR gene, class II mutation has been identified as the most common in European and North American populations (3).Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manifestations of cystic fibrosis are variable depending upon the particular mutation and specific organ systems are affected accordingly. The variatio ns are so extensive that symptoms and characteristics of the disease can vary, even between siblings. Polymorphisms in non-CFTR genes and gene-gene interactions have been suggested as the basis of these variations. According to the author, a number of hypotheses have been suggested for the occurrence of cystic fibrosis, out of which four have been elaborated in the article. The first hypothesis suggests that loss of inhibition of epithelial sodium channels results in excessive sodium and water reabsorption with the resultant dehydration of airway surface materials. This results in drying up of the airway mucous membranes and the formation of plaques which harbour pathogenic bacteria. Another hypothesis, the high-salt hypothesis suggests that due to the absence of functional CFTR, excess sodium and chloride retained in the airway surface liquid increases concentration of chloride in periciliary layers which does not allow innate antibiotic molecules to function. The third hypothesis suggests a dysregulation of the host inflammatory response is responsible for the characteristic molecular changes observed in cystic fibrosis. Yet another hypothesis suggests a primary predisposition to infection as the main cause due to the defective CFTR gene (3). After this thorough introduction the author shifts the focus onto diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in which investigations are recommended to be initiated if the characteristic symptoms are observed in any child or adult. The general symptoms include family history of the disease, salty-tasting skin, clubbing of fingers and toes, cough accompanied with sputum, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium from the airway (3). Chloride concentration in sweat is a good marker for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The author has comprehensively tabulated a list of diseases which might give a false positive/negative result in the sweat test and hence are vital for making a differential dia gnosis. Diagnosis in infants and children can also be made by observing characteristic signs and symptoms as well as with the assistance of molecular biology techniques such as CFTR mutation detection and measurement of immunoreactive trypsinogen in blood spots, particularly in infants (3).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinical manifestations of the disease have been thoroughly explained in the following paragraphs which are addressed according to the organ systems involved. Gastrointestinal symptoms include obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic insufficiency, steatorrhoea and generalized malnutrition (3). The displayed symptoms include greasy stools, flatulence, abdominal bloating and poor weight gain. Biliary cirrhosis and jaundice are also observed in some cases. The respiratory system is also profoundly affected by cystic fibrosis and manifestations are in the form of chronic airway infection, bronchiectasis, gas trapping, hypoxaemia and hypercarbia (3). Characteristic bacterial infections with specific organisms are observed in the pulmonary system which includes P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and methycillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (3). Besides these major system infections, endocrine disturbances are observed in the patients and men particularly suffer from azoospermia leading to infertility. Treatment approaches available and recommended have been comprehensively described in the article and include primarily the modes employed to handle pulmonary infection and enhance lung functioning. Lung function tests involve elaborate procedures and equipment which has to be sterile. Moreover, a patient in acute respiratory distress may not be able to comply with the demands of such tests which involve breathing through equipment for a particular duration and with some effort. Inhaled hypertonic sal ine, macrolide antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen have particularly been recommended. Corticosteroids have been contraindicated in the treatment of cystic fibrosis due to their prominent side effects which can deteriorate the condition. However in emergency situations they may have to be resorted to depending upon the level of distress being experienced by a patient at a particular moment. Airway clearance techniques currently available have been recommended with the final resort as lung transplantation in cases where there have been pulmonary exacerbations due to this disease. Maintenance of appropriate nutrition is vital in patients with cystic fibrosis and supplement use, specifically pancreatic enzymes have been recommended to aid the digestive process. Regular maintenance of BMR (basal metabolic rate) has been suggested for patients so that appropriate corrective measure can be employed in a timely manner. The article has great pertinence for Ireland in p articular, where the incidence of Cystic fibrosis is the highest in the world (4). The Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland (CFRI) maintains a registry of all the patients diagnosed with the disease which has been made online from July, 2002 (2).Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Around 30-40 children with the genetic defect are born in Ireland each year with a very poor life expectancy (15-25 years) (1). There is therefore a need for providing the most appropriate therapy at the right stages in such patients to make their life comfortable. The article covers most recent guidelines for treatment comprehensively which can be adopted depending upon the clinical symptoms encountered. The article rounds off with the current advances in gene therapy due to the development of advanced molecular biology techniques, which might yield some new therapeutic intervention strategy to handle this dreaded disease. In Ireland, a number of deficiencies in the current health services exist which complicate the treatment of cystic fibrosis. These include inadequate staff, lack of as well as below par physical resources and deficiencies in provision of adult services (4). These issues need to be handled appropriately if any meaningful therapeutic measures as suggested in this s tudy can be actually employed. Bibliography Annual Report, 2007. Web. Bowers F, Over 1,080 Cystic fibrosis cases here. 2004. Web. O’Sullivan BP, Freedman SD. Cystic Fibrosis, Seminar. Lancet 2009 April 28 373;1891-904 Rainey C, Blueprint for The Future. 2005. Web. This critical writing on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis was written and submitted by user Estrella Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Express Sadness in English

How to Express Sadness in English Some days arent as good as others. In fact, you may feel sad from time to time. Its important to learn how to express sadness when you are feeling down.  Also, you should know what to say when someone else is unhappy. StructuresUsed to Express Sadness The examples used in this section are in the present continuous tense to express feeling sad at the moment of speaking. You can also use these expressions in different tenses. Informal: Use these informal forms when speaking to close friends and family. Preceding each set of sentences, an  example shows how to construct the sentence, including the subject  and  to be verb: Subject   be feeling down about  something Im feeling down about work lately.Shes feeling down about her grades. Subject be upset about  something Im upset about my friends.Toms upset about his boss. Hes too hard on him! Subject be sad about  something Im sad about the situation at work.Jennifers sad about her mother. Formal: Use these more formal forms when speaking to people at work  or with those whom you dont know well. Subject be out of sorts Im sorry. Im out of sorts today. Ill be better tomorrow.Peter is out of sorts today. Ask him tomorrow. Subject do not feel well Doug doesnt feel well today.I dont feel well. Im going to the doctor. Expressing Sadness With Idioms Idioms  are expressions that dont literally mean what they say, such as: Its raining cats and dogs. The expression  doesnt mean that cats and dogs are falling out of the sky. English uses common idioms when speaking about sadness: Subject be feeling blue  about something Jack is feeling blue about his relationship with his girlfriend.Our teacher said he was feeling blue about life last night. Subject be in the dumps about something Were in the dumps about our financial situation.Kelly is in the dumps about her horrible job. Showing Concern When someone tells you he is sad, its important to express concern. Here are some common phrases to show that you care. Informal: BummerI feel you.Tough luck.I cant believe that. Thats horrible / disgusting / not fair Examples of informal expressions of concern include: I feel you. Life isnt always easy.Bummer, but keep trying. Youll find a good job eventually. Formal: Im sorry to hear that.Thats too bad.What can I do to help?Is there anything I can do for you?Would you like to talk about it? Some examples of formal expressions of concern are: Im sorry to hear that. What can I do to help?Thats too bad. Would you like to talk about it? If you see that someone is sad, but that person is not telling you, use the following phrases to get her to open up about her feelings. Ask prompting questions when helping a friend or  colleague who is feeling sad, such as: Whats the matter?You seem sad. Tell me all about it.Why the long face? Example Dialogues These dialogues will help you and a friend or fellow student practice expressing sadness or concern. At work: Colleague 1: Hi Bob. Im feeling out of sorts today.Colleague 2: Im sorry to hear that. What seems to be the problem? Colleague 1: Well, Im really upset about the changes at work.Colleague 2: I know its been difficult for everyone. Colleague 1: I just dont understand why they had to change our team!Colleague 2: Sometimes management does things we dont understand. Colleague 1: It make no sense! I just dont feel well.Colleague 2: Maybe you need some time off work. Colleague 1: Yes, maybe thats it.Colleague 2: Is there anything I can do to help? Colleague 1: No, just talking about it makes me feel a little better.Colleague 2: Feel free to talk to me anytime. Colleague 1: Thanks. I appreciate it.Colleague 2: No problem. Between friends: Sue: Anna, whats the matter?Anna: Nothing. Im fine. Sue: You seem sad. Tell me all about it.Anna: OK, Im in the dumps about Tom. Sue: Bummer. What seems to be the problem?Anna: I dont think he loves me anymore. Sue: Really! Are you sure about that?Anna: Yes, I saw him yesterday with Mary. They were laughing and having a great time. Sue: Well, maybe they were just studying together. It doesnt mean hes leaving you.Anna: Thats what I keep telling myself. Still, Im feeling blue. Sue: Is there anything I can do?Anna: Yes, lets go shopping! Sue: Now youre talking. A nice new pair shoes would help you feel much better.Anna: Yes, maybe thats what I really need. Not a boyfriend  but some beautiful new shoes.

The Effect of World War Two on the Status of British Women Essay

The Effect of World War Two on the Status of British Women - Essay Example This essay stresses that women, in particular, assailed by a series of unending attacks to their humanity and had to claw at what appears to be a hint of hope for survival. Class distinctions broke down and the formerly rich women adjusted to life’s painful realities that they had to live like the rest of the commoners. This discussion declares that women prisoners of war were treated inhumanely. Their captors were usually cruel, desensitized by the evils of war. They were forced to live in despicable conditions – overcrowded cockroach-infested huts, poor sanitation, and the epidemic of head lice. They were made to sleep on very narrow wooden boards, with no privacy at all. They was utter disregard for their well-being and health. Women camp prisoners were ordered around to do forced labor. In all kinds of climates – in very high temperature, under the blazing hot sun, they were made to dig graves to bury the dead, dig up latrines for their own use, chopped wood and carry extremely heavy load. In a sense, chivalry was dead in those times. Being participants in the war, women were exposed to all kinds of danger. Although threats to their lives were all around and caused chaos in their biological systems, it became a normal occurrence to be at gunpoint or the target of enemy fighter plan es. The war demanded enormous manpower, not just in the armed forces, but also in industry. The government therefore, took the decision to draft women into ‘men’s’ jobs, just as they had done during the First World War, in an attempt to keep production at a steady level.

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example Microsoft’s Xbox, Sony’s PlayStation Series and Nintendo’s GameCube games all have been around for a number of years though still these big market players have failed to identify sizeable niche market segments game consoles that exist to date in the industry. Nokia has both the resource capability and technology to enter this market segment with ease in design and planning (Gale Reference Team, 2008). For instance all three game console manufacturers mentioned above along with a sundry of other small and medium companies have been able to increase their market shares despite an ongoing global economic recession. Nokia’s existing resource and technology capabilities would need proper directional guidance from trained hands, especially the technical and managerial staff. Already the above three market leaders’ status has been challenged by many small and medium scale manufacturers whose ability to identify niche market segments in keeping with consumer demographics is said to be one of the reasons for their success (Development and Learning in Organizations, journal, 2003). For instance Nokia’s success in mobile telephone device manufacturing can be utilized to produce a game console that successfully incorporates some of its already tried and abandoned mobile game features (Gale Reference Team, 2007). So far game consoles haven’t been integrated with mobile telephony technology except at random inclusions carried out by Sony in its PlayStation Series. Most of the current literature and discourse on game consoles are characterized by four basic classes of issues – technological issues, pricing issues, quality issues and safety issues. It’s thus an industry that is ever increasingly being marked by competition and reorientation. Against this backdrop of stiffer competition it’s essential to identify the various issue related outcomes in the industry thus focusing attention on the strategically

Slavery Abolishing in 1807 in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery Abolishing in 1807 in Britain - Essay Example Slaves were captured in Africa and transported to Europe where they were sold to owners where they worked in plantations. Slaves were mistreated and harassed by their owners. They were not paid for the hard work they performed in plantation. During the transportation of slaves many would die of disease and only a few would arrive healthy for them to be auctioned. Problems would arise where the slaves would die from tropical diseases and owners would not provide proper medical care, slaves would be beaten mercilessly by their master and owners and there were no laws governing this immoral behaviour. However a few individuals in the society would consider slavery and slave trade as an immoral behaviour and this led to the formation of anti slavery movements. The abolishment of slavery was a long struggle dated back in the 1750 where a number of Quakers started to disapprove slave trade, the Quakers started to disapprove slave trade and encouraged slave owners to educate slaves, introdu ce them into Christianity and improve their working and living conditions, in 1783 a group of six Quakers pioneered a movement that was to start the struggle to abolish slave trade. These members included George Harrison, John Lloyd, William Dillwyn, Joseph Hooper, Joseph Woods, and James Phillips. this was a non denominational movement which was aimed at gaining support from parliament and the Anglican church. This movement gained popularity and an additional of three members from the Anglican Church joined the movement and this really strengthened this group, these Anglican members included William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp. After the joining of the religious members William Wilberforce was chosen to be the group member due to his connection with the British parliament, the struggle continued but Wilberforce faced strong resistance to the abolishment of slave trade in parliament and this was due to the fact that there was a powerful dependence on slaves and slave trade. The first petition to abolish slave trade was made in 1783 but it failed by the vote where more member opposed the abolishment of slave trade. In 1787 a committee for abolishment of slave trade was founded, the new mission was to inform the public on the immoral acts of slavery, this movement involved writing books on slavery, posters and printings pamphlets and holding rallies. This brought attention to the entire public to abolish slave trade. In 1791 Wilberforce presented a bill to abolish slave trade but the bill lost by the vote where 163 votes opposed the bill and only 88 agreed to this proposal, however this did not stop the committee from further publicity through the visit to places to enlighten the public and writing anti slavery work. Clarkson who was a committee member toured all cities and ports of England to inform the public about the ills of slave trade and slavery. In 1804 there was a successful revolt by slaves in Haiti, this revolt which was known as the Haiti revolt brought about a sense of insecurity among the public members who owned slaves, during this years also there was an increase in the number of slave owners who were slain by their slaves and this sense of insecurity brought about members of the public to support the ant slavery movement even in parliament Wilberforce who was a member of parliament for this period and continued to introduce the anti terrorist bill each year and it was not until 1807 that the British parliament abolished slave trade through the vote by members of parliament. From the above discussion it is clear that the

The Social Network Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay

The Social Network Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay The movie The Social Network, released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on October 2010 is the best film of 2010 and deserves to be awarded the Oscar for Best Picture category. It is a socially relevant movie that is both informative and philosophical. Based on the real life story of the social networking website Facebook and the lawsuits it had to face, the movie explores the difficulties involved in adoption of new ideas and new technology, and at the same time it explores the emotional imbalances that occur when success happens overnight. Directed by David Fincher, The Social Network stars Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg, the computer programmer who invented Facebook. The screenplay by Aaron Sorkin is based on Ben Mezrichs 2009 nonfiction book The Accidental Billionaires. The movie has so far had stunning reviews, good word of mouth and solid box office and it is time it is honored with the Academy Award for Best Picture of 2010. The Social Network has been nominated for the following categories at the Oscar awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (Jesse Eisenberg), Best Original Score, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor. The Social Network has been continuously receiving constant praises and people are excited about the movie. At the Oscars it faces competition from movies such as The Kings Speech, 127 Hours, Inception, Black Swan, True Grit and The Fighter. I personally feel that the movie would capture the Best Picture award as it has excellent direction by David Fincher, excellent adapted screenplay by Aaron Sorkin and marvelous portrayal of Mark Zuckerberg by Jesse Eisenberg. The movie also has excellent supporting actor cast, editing, score and cinematography. Everything about it is rich and the film can usher in the new generation factor to the Academy Awards as it addresses a very wide audience. The film has already received the Golden Globes award for Best Motion Picture for a drama and its director David Fincher has received the award for Best Director. The Social Network deals with a wide range of themes involving hubris, ambition, friendship, jealousy, class and cultural cache and success as status and revenge. The movie has a very exciting and innovative plot that explores the virtual world where people can become friends or unfriends at the click of a mouse. The plot revolves around Mark Zuckerberg, a Harvard University student at the beginning of the movie and the year is 2003. The movie begins and ends with a subtle reference to Marks love for Erica Albright, giving the movie a poetic character. The movie is fast paced and shows how life and relationships can change dramatically over a short period of 18 months, by success. Mark, infuriated by his girl friend, launches a website called Facemash that would allow his colleagues to rank female students. He thus draws the attention of tech-savvy business people such as the Winklevoss twins and their partner Divya Narendra who invite him to work as the programmer of their website, Harvard Connection and so begins his meteoric rise in the world of networking. He launches The Facebook, a social networking site which soon becomes a global social network and a revolution in communication. Six years later, Mark Zuckerberg finds himself the youngest billionaire in history seated amidst personal and legal complications. David Fincher has directed this movie with technical fastidiousness and textural richness as he skips between two separate depositions using flashback narrative in a clarifying manner. The camera has been skillfully handled by Jeff Cronenweth and the movie has awesome editing and music as well. The special effects of the movie blend with the movie seamlessly so much so they are almost unnoticeable. Good contrast is shown between the Harvard walk shown in the opening credits and the regatta sequence. While the first is shown smooth and rich, the latter sequence looks miniaturized. This contrast fits with the differing moods in the two scenes. The movie is also excellent in cinematography and editing. In the context of Visual Effects, it is really amazing to see Armie Hammer two roles as the two Winklevoss twins. The dialogues are smart and witty. The Social Network movie is truly a masterpiece. It is a movie with an innovative theme that is well crafted with an intelligent screenplay and meaningful in the present day society. Even the film review site Rotten Tomatoes has given the move a perfect 100% and it is only fair that the Academy takes note of it. The Social Network has also been a box office success and any movie of such depth that also appeals to the masses is definitely worth recognition. The movie is one that the world of today can identify itself with the changing styles of communication and its impact on relationships. Also it emphasizes how ego and selfishness arise with the arrival of money. Mark Zuckerberg is well portrayed in a movie as a smart man who is yet in some ways dumb. Sitting before his computer, he is very active and enthusiastic, but he is always struggling in the social context. Jesse Eisenbergs performance is fantastic as he shows very well the feeling of ease before the computer and the sense of being lost when amidst social confrontations. He does not show his discomfort only by his facial expressions. Rather he shows it with his overall body language and attitude that the people around him are infuriatingly illogical. What makes his character interesting is that he is unable to relate to people on a emotional level though he understands their needs and wants in the social networking world with great sensitivity. The first scene is particularly noteworthy. Mark talks about a wide range of topics that his girl friend finds difficult to follow. However, he is offended at his girl friends suggestion that he should choose to enter the club that is easiest t o enter and unaware, he insults his girl friend by her by telling her that she is going only to Boston University. This scene shows Mark is a mercurial character who is not aware of his own elitist attitude and bad behavior. He also has difficulty communicating with Eduardo. Jess Eisenberg clearly showing that he is a man of tunneled vision, blind to the feelings of the people close to him. Eisenberg, with his astute performance allows the viewers to get glimpse of an emotionally distant man who has a keen intellect and a great passion for work. The movie has the ability to excite, inform and entertain at the same time and is appealing to both technical and non-technical viewers. The movie addresses the technical aspects of how the networking site came into being and also how corruption and greed enter peoples lives along with money in a very simple manner. This movie has made pioneering efforts to explore the virtual world through the character of Mark Zuckerberg who is enigmatic. With such great qualities, the movie The Social Network is definitely the Best Picture of 2010.

Essay --

Renal System 1 Kidneys have important roles in maintaining health and making our lives easier everyday. It is located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Functions of the kidneys include extracting wastes from the blood and balancing body fluids from the urine. Most of kidney diseases attack the nephrons, which is the functional units of the kidney. This damages causes kidney malfunctions for example, medicines, genetic problems and injuries. One of the major kidney problems that we face every day is Acute Renal Failure also called the Acute Kidney Injury which basically is that kidneys have suddenly stopped working and as I said earlier, our kidneys excrete waste products and balances fluids in our blood, so imagine not having a perfectly working kidney, it could cause serious problems in our body that could also be fatal. Acute renal failure causes can be classified as pre-renal, intra-renal or post renal. Intrarenal Acute renal failure are those that directly attack the kidney such as an infection, glumerulonephritis, and diabetes. A common intrarenal condition is the acute tubular necrosis, where epithelial layers of the nephrons become damaged leading to changes in urine concentration, waste filtration, electrolytes and acid base balance. There are three phases of acute tubular necrosis they are initiation, maintenance usually last one to two weeks, and recovery phase where patients will be put on diuretics and will have a slow return of renal function. Patients that are at risk of developing ATN are patients that have azot... ...lp us be free of acute renal failure. To be an effective nurse to these patients, always put ourselves in their position and think, what if I have this? Or what if my one your family members has this. It will make us want to care for our patients more. Always give them the care and importance that they need. Renal system 6 Given the life that I have right now makes me realize how fortunate I am that I am healthy and able to function normally everyday, we should always be thankful and give importance to our body because it does a lot for us. Love and respect our body, and remembering that everything we do, because in the end we are not just harming ourselves but we are also hurting the people that care for us.

Is the term ‘Green Logistics’ an oxymoron Essay

Is the term ‘Green Logistics’ an oxymoron? An oxymoron is a term in which contradictory words appear in conjunction with one another such as bitter sweet or a deafening silence. In an attempt to answer this question we must first define what the term ‘Green Logistics’ means. When the term is broken down into its composite parts ‘logistics’ is simply defined by Murphy and Wood (2011) as the part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls both the forward and reverse flows of goods, services and information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in an efficient and effective manner. However, the term ‘green’ is much more equivocal when defined in a business sense. In 1996 McDonagh and Prothero proposed that there are several dimensions of ‘Green’ which not only cover ecological, sustainability and conservation issues but also political, corporate social responsibility, fair trade and equali ty matters. Since these topics are very broad it is hard to define ‘Green’ in a logistics sense. As a result of this uncertainty over the definition of ‘green’, it is helpful to look at the definition of ‘Green’ on a consumer product level. Ottman (2006, p.24), suggested that while all products inevitably have some effect on the environment, ‘Green’ products are those which aim to minimise this impact by conserving energy and resources and limiting pollution and waste. This definition builds on Reinhardt’s (1998, p.46) view that a ‘Green’ business â€Å"creates products that provide greater environmental benefits, or that impose smaller environmental costs, than similar products†. When we combine these definitions we can view ‘Green Logistics’ as the activities which facilitate the forward and reverse flows of goods, services and information through a supply chain in a way which is not only efficient and effective in achieving organisational goals but also aims to minimise the environmental impact and promote sustainability. When we define and consider ‘Green Logistics’ this way, I believe the term is not an oxymoron and when aligned with an appropriate higher level corporate strategy can actually a major competitive advantage for organisations who are able to achieve it. The body of this essay will provide practical examples of organisations who are successfully using the concepts of ‘Green  Logistics’ to not only minimise environmental impacts but also create and maintain a competitive advantage against competition. One concept which is becoming more prominent in ‘Green Logistic’ networks is the  practice of reverse logistics. Reverse logistics can be simply defined as goods flowing backwards through the supply chain from the consumer to the producers and suppliers. Tompkins (2010) provides multiple ‘Green’ benefits which arise from practicing reverse logistics such as increased sustainability throughout the supply chain and reduced waste product s, as well as producing an increased level of customer service through after-sales support. An example of reverse logistics in practice is the South Australian Government’s policy of paying 10 cents for every glass, plastic and tin container returned to collection depots. By doing this the Government is able to facilitate the recycling of materials which ultimately has a positive benefit on the environment. This provides a clear example of how logistics processes can be ‘Green’ by promoting greater environmental benefit than similar products existing in different logistics chains. An Australian Associated Press article revealed that in 2010, 80 percent or 49,800 tonnes of all containers are recycled in Australia which reveals both obvious environment and financial benefits arising from the practice of green logistics. Another common and relatively simple way for organisations to ‘Green’ their logistics processes while also reducing financial costs is to redesign their logistics chains with increased considerations for route optimisation and collaboration throughout the supply chain. Blanco and Cotrill (2013) make apparent one example of this through a case study of the agricultural cooperative Ocean Spray (based in New Jersey with a distribution centre in Florida) and competitor Tropicana who is based in Florida with a distribution centre in New Jersey. Tropicana’s third party logistics provider approached Ocean Spray and suggested that instead of Ocean Spray delivering to their distribution centre via road, they make use of Tropicana’s rail links between the two cities and utilise the empty train carriages returning from New Jersey to deliver to their distribution centre in Florida. This agreement allowed Ocean Spray to lower both their logistics  costs and environmen tal emissions and saved Tropicana the cost and emissions associated with returning empty rail carriages to Florida. Apart from the physical movement of goods, a firm’s logistics operations also incorporates warehousing strategies. The storage of goods may be overlooked when considering the environmental impacts of logistics chains. Figure 8.1 taken from McKinnon et al. (2013) shows the increasing usage of warehousing and its associated impacts. McKinnon et al. (2013) also proposed three ways in which firms can reduce the environmental impact of warehousing practices. Firstly firms should improve the energy efficiency of the lighting  and particularly heating methods used in warehouses (as shown in figure 8.4. McKinnon, 2013). Secondly, firms can harness green energy to generate energy from low carbon emitting or renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind and biomass. Finally, and most importantly, firms should design sustainability into their warehouses, meaning that the buildings not only produce green energy more efficiently but also use less of it. If an organisation is successful in doing this it is able to not only fulfill the logistical goals of operating efficiently and effectively but also minimise impacts on the environment. While reverse logistics, route optimisation and energy efficient warehousing strategies are only a small example of ‘Green Logistic’ practices, which also include environmental packaging considerations, paperless order processing and improvements in vehicle energy efficiency, these practices may be ineffective in achieving ‘Green’ outcomes unless the corporate strategies of the organisation also align. Reinhardt (1998) suggests that for an organisation to establish environmentally friendly practices as a competitive advantage it must first consider whether this strategy is viable in the industry in which it operates. If a firm does consider environmental product differentiation an option it must then ensure customers are willing to pay for environmental quality, establish and convey the environmental benefits of its product and finally these benefits must be defendable against imitation competition. Only then can an organisation enjoy the benefits of a growing green trend in consumption (Peattie, 2010). If this is strategy alignment is adopted and maintained by an organisation, then ‘Green Logistic’ practices can provide substantial competitive advantages for the organisation while reducing impacts on the environment. Modern organisations can no longer afford to view ‘Green Logistics’ as an oxymoron and perhaps Henry Ford’s (1903) famous oxymoron â€Å"A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business† may be more applicable. References: Blanco, E & Cotrill, K, 2013, ‘Delivering on the promise of green logistics’, MITSloan Management Review, December 2013. McDonagh, P & Prothero, A, 1996, Green management: A reader, The Dryden Press, London. McKinnon, A. Browne, M. Whiteing, A. 2012, Green logistics: Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics, Kogan Page, London. Murphy Jr PR & Wood, DF 2011, Contemporary Logistics: International Edition, 10th edn, Pearson, Boston. Ottman, J, 1997, Green marketing: Opportunity for innovation, TC / Contemporary Books, Lincolnwood. Peattie, K, ‘Green consumption: Behaviour and norms’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 35, Issue 1, pp. 195-228. Reinhardt, F.L. 1998, â€Å"Environmental product differentiation: Implications for corporate strategy†, California management review, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 43-73. Tompkins, J, 2010, ‘Reverse logistics is not the reverse of logistics’, Material Handling and Logistics, November 2010. ‘Big jump in container recycling in SA’, AAP General News Wire, July 22, 2010.

Jupiter - Monster of Our Solar System essays

Jupiter - Monster of Our Solar System essays ?Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system that named after kings of gods in Roman mythology. Also, ancient Greeks called the Jupiter- Zeus, whom is the king of the Greek pantheon. (Jupiter, Largest) In early days of 1610, the father of the modern astronomy Galileo, who made it first recorded sighting of the Jupiter system, only after 18 months after the first telescope was invented (Jupiter: The). The day in Jupiter is only 9.9 hours and orbits the Sun in 11.86 years (Jupiter: The). It is visible to naked eye and four hundred million miles(~5AU) away from earth. The composition of Jupiter's atmosphere is similar to that of the sun mostly hydrogen and helium. Moreover, Jupiter acts like miniature solar system. Presence of Jupiter is one very important reason why we have life on Earth, and habitable environment instead of pummeled by so many comets and astroids (Jupiter: The). Also, It has an enormous magnetic field and more than sixty moons. Jupiter has the most exotic weather patterns we have ever discovered in the solar system. Finally, Jupiter's four largest moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.These four moons are known today as the Galilean satellites. Formation of Jupiter is greatest misery associated with its formation as a planet. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system, more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined (Jupiter, Largest). Some believe Jupiter may have been a failed star, like the sun, it has the right ingredients. Jupiter is 84% hydrogen and 14% helium, which are the two lightest and the most abundant elements in the universe (Jupiter: The). However, it does not have enough mass to create internal pressure and temperature necessary to have nuclear fusion. If it had been about 80 times more massive, it would have actually become a star instead of a planet (Jupiter, Largest). The imme...

Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness †Philosophy Essay

Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness Philosophy Essay Happiness is a desirable state for man, a state which for the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, can be achieved through possessing good things. Plato states that â€Å"a lover of good things has a desire †¦ that they become his own. That’s what makes people happy, isn’t it possessing good things (Five Dialogues, 50).† Acquisition of gold and silver, or honors and offices in the city may seem to lead to happiness, but Plato does not consider them good if they are not gained â€Å"by justice or moderation or piety or some other part of virtue (Five Dialogues, 68). In this regard, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement as to what form of good most directly leads to happiness, virtue. Aristotle suggests that â€Å"We always pursue honor, pleasure, wisdom, and all the virtues, both for their own sakes and for the sake of happiness, since we think we shall attain happiness by means of them. (Philosophy of Aristotle, 321) And here as with Plato we are in pursuit of that which makes us happy, we must attempt to make the good our own. The search for the good is necessitated by the fact that we are born without it. â€Å"It is quite plain that none of the moral virtues is produced in us by nature †¦ They come to be because we are fitted by nature to receive them; but we perfect them by training or habit (Philosophy of Aristotle, 334).† We can become morally virtuous then, and thereby happy, through the habituation of moral practices. It is in the question of how one becomes morally sound that the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato diverge. Whereas Aristotle gives us a training routine for attaining what we do not have, Plato abstracts the concept of virtue to an eternal form that can be achieved through love. â€Å"A man or anyone else who has a desire desires what is not at hand and not present, what he does not have, and what he is not, and that of which he is in need; for such are the objects of desire and love (Symposium, 43). The man who lacks virtue desires to have it, and through love can com e to know virtue in its true form. But before we analyze the distinct methods that these philosophers proscribe for the attainment of virtue, it is critical that we understand how they define virtue itself. The split in a method for achieving moral virtue is predicated on the very different definitions given it by Plato and Aristotle, definitions which are erected on the foundation laid by Socrates. Socrates believed that virtue was a concept unknown to man, yet widely regarded by men as easily defined. He methodically sought out those who claimed expertise on the subject of virtue and showed them to be deficient. And while Socrates was able to prove others incomplete in their knowledge, he also lacked a definition of virtue himself. But he claimed to be wiser â€Å"to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know (Five Dialogues, 26).† In knowing that he did not know, Socrates enables the concept of virtue to be reevaluated. His philosophy becomes the precondition for the work of Plato and Aristotle, in that a definition of virtue would not be required if an acceptable one already existed. Plato is the first to put forth a new definition, using our understan ding of geometry as a reference point. Research Papers on Plato and Aristotle's Belief About Happiness - Philosophy EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paperEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Euthyphro - Essay Example In terms of religion, epistemology, ethics it is of crucial importance to define what piety is. We have further prove that it is the most relevant definition, because in accordance with the well-known philosopher Kierkegaard, the most precious role Christian religious play in our life is forgiveness. Thus, for humans it is very important to reach the highest degree of love, which can be given to humans by gods instead of prayer and a sacrifice. There is a constant arguing between Socrates and Euthyphro. At first, Socrates rejects an example of piety provided by Euthyphro (5d). The second definition of piety given by Euthyphro is also criticized by Socrates. Socrates in this dialogue is positioned as a patient polemist. Therefore, Socrates step by step claims that pious is pious, because it has certain reasons for that. Socrates makes an attempt to define piety himself. For this philosopher piety â€Å"is a species of the genius ‘justice’† (12d). Moreover, Socrates suggests finding a moral goodness in pious actions. At the same time he offers to differentiate between just and pious actions. On the one hand, it may sound weird and may seem to simplistic, when Euthyphro suggests the final and the best definition of piety. He introduces mutually beneficial relationships between gods and humans: people are providing gifts to gods and gods favor them in turn. The most beneficial notion made by Euthyphro is that gifts given to gods do not have a commercial basis. Gifts given to gods are honor, esteem and favor (15a). Consequently, this short dialogue written by Plato is a chain of ethical and logical concerns, which result in the final definition of piety. For the modern readers, it is very interesting to follow the idea of ancient philosophers and see a possible way of making judgments about complicated issues. The issue of piety is rather complicated, because it is hard to differentiate

Behavior Change amd the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavior Change amd the Environment - Essay Example ..† Personally, I consider this idea as an expression of Pollan’s sense of responsibility toward the environment that primarily focuses on individual, conscientious action toward environmental welfare. This is because, throughout the article, Pollan provides suggestions on how to reduce one’s carbon footprints such as having a garden in the backyard. Pollan also suggests, in the later part of the article, that behavioral change for environmental welfare is an expression of independence, â€Å"to find ways to provide ourselves without diminishing the world† (255). Pollan also argues that although behavioral change may seem a futile effort, it is still a viable solution to the problem and this idea is grounded on the â€Å"chain reaction of behavioral change† wherein the action of a single person encourages other people to do the same. In Greed in the Name of Green, Hesse asserts that â€Å"going green† is not merely buying organic products; rat her, it is reducing the consumption of environmentally hazardous products. Throughout the article, Hesse maintains a sarcastic tone because she humorously criticizes the buying patterns of the consumers without them realizing the actual reason of doing such change. In the article, Hesse cites several instances wherein consumers change their buying patterns with the belief that those changes are environmentally beneficial. However, in retrospect, behavioral change is commonly undergone because â€Å"going green† has become a trend. Relatively, Hesse concludes that â€Å"when wannabe environmentalist tries to change purchasing habits without also altering their consumer mind-set, something gets lost in translation† (248). While reading the two articles, I realized that it is really necessary to evaluate our behaviors as consumers, particularly in relation to environmental welfare and protection. Although I realize that behavioral change may seem insufficient in recoverin g the deteriorating resources of the Earth, I would still go with the idea that behavior modification is a viable solution to the existing environmental problems. This is because behavioral change is a reasonable initiative to do, and it also benefits both the environment and the consumers. The Merits of Bothering to Change Consumer Behavior In the article Behavioral Analysis and Environmental Protection, Lehman and Geller assert that the lack of environmental concern and the increasing prevalence of non-eco-friendly products and services account to the destruction of the environment (14). Specifically, the materials used and the manner of production and transportation cause the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration of the Earth, which, in turn, increases the temperature by .6 degrees Celsius in the past 150 years. Lehman and Geller also report that the death of 800,000 people annually is attributable to air pollution (15). Considering this case, Lehman and Geller suggest tha t if human behavior is the reason of the increasing environmental deterioration, it may also be the reason for environmental recovery (13). The emergence of natural calamities and extreme weather conditions is enough reason to encourage people to change their buying behaviors and make environmentally conscious decisions. While reading the articles by Hesse and Pollan, I was able to derive three benefits of behavioral change for environmental welfare. Specifically, behavioral change

Historical Geography of North America Journal Review Essay

Historical Geography of North America Journal Review - Essay Example Mann's sources are recognizable experts in this arena and the article cites them prolifically. While many of Mann's points make enough logical and reasonable sense to dispel the widely held romantic version of the early settlements, the author's arguments rely on a connect-the-dots logic in the absence of a complete historical record. The author succeeds in making the point that the early American settlers were not faced with the typically romantic ideal of cooperation with the environment and struggling against Mother Nature. Instead, he paints a stark picture of famine, disease, and constant hardship replete with starvation and cannibalism. His vision of the Europeans being able to stave off hostile attacks from the Natives is based on the theory that the Natives had been severely weakened by Malaria. Mann also dispels the myth of Pocahontas saving the life of John Smith in 1607. However, this is a literary story that is part of America's myth and hardly an historical moving revelation. The real power of the article is the sense the author gives us that, "Much of what we learned in grade school about the New World encountered by the colonists at Jamestown turns out to be wrong". It demands further investigation and invites a more deeply researched debate. The author contends that the ecology of ... s little evidence offered for the damage done by the earthworm purportedly imported in European soil, it has been long held that the agricultural practices of Europe had a profound effect on the New World. The author also magnifies the destruction that domesticated animals did to the native's farmland, and the resulting tensions between the Natives and the Europeans. Here again, the author gives a reasonable view of animal farming in New England of large animals running wild and destroying the crops of the Natives. However, the evidence is anecdotal and does not consider the viewpoint that it may have been more likely that the animals were restrained and managed as they were in England, as that would be in the best interest of the settlers. However, Mann's point that they altered the ecological landscape cannot be refuted. The strength of the article, apart from its intellectual stimulation, is its contention that European farming and agricultural practices forever transformed the landscape. Mann explains why the different approaches held by the Natives and Europeans to the concept of property ownership came at odds and favored the Europeans. The Native culture believed in a constantly evolving landscape where property rights would shift according to need and use. The Europeans believed in private property ownership and were thus able to accumulate property. The introduction of new plants and controlled agriculture invaded the New World and left a permanent change on the face of America. There can be little argument that tobacco and corn changed the soil, the land, the people, and the economy of the New World. In conclusion, this article is a well-written consensus of a number of noted experts. While it may be somewhat shy of hard evidence, the incomplete historical

Nazis and Woodchucks Essay Example for Free

Nazis and Woodchucks Essay Nazi racial ideology has baffled the cultured mind since the atrocities were first made known to the world with the end of WWII. Though the inconceivable horror Jews and other nationalities endured under Nazi reign is common knowledge in our culture and is found in almost any modern history textbook, the mindset that made such atrocities acceptable to Nazis under Hitler’s regime remains a mystery to many. Maxine Kumin admirably conveys the thought process behind this oppressive outlook through the seemingly simplistic poem â€Å"Woodchucks†. The purpose of the poem is to align the readers with the narrator’s apparently reasonable yet somewhat sociopathic view of the woodchucks as an inferior life form while building an allegory to the Nazi’s justification for mass extermination that will shock the audience when made explicit by the poem’s end. In the first stanza, Maxine introduces the narrator’s problem with the woodchucks and how she justifies attempting to gas them. The narrator states how killing the woodchucks with gas â€Å"didn’t turn out right† (1). This phrase emphasizes how the narrator views killing the woodchucks as a mundane and emotionless task, the same way a batch of cookies or pot of coffee may not â€Å"turn out right†. Gassing has connotations of a slow agonizing death, but the poem continues: â€Å"the knockout bomb from the Feed and Grain Exchange / was featured as merciful, quick at the bone† (2-3). This contrast in connotation and given definition is meant to show how the narrator is striving to justify their deaths. The second stanza begins to make the narrator’s view of the woodchucks as lesser clearer to the audience. Maxine uses alliteration to draw attention to the words cyanide, cigarettes and state-store Scotch when the narrator states the woodchucks are â€Å"No worse / for the cyanide than we for our cigarettes† (7-8). In this comparison, the narrator gives the impression that she considers gassing the woodchucks a favor to them, like giving them scotch or cigarettes. While it is not explicit in the poem by the second stanza, this metaphor hints at the narrator’s unbalanced views of life regarding the woodchucks. Maxine also introduces war imagery in this stanza. The narrator describes how the woodchucks â€Å"took over† the vegetables by â€Å"nipping† and â€Å"beheading† (11-12). These verbs not only personify the vegetables as victims, but turn woodchucks into a force of evil in a war-like manner in the narrator’s mind. It is important to note that the narrator never addresses the woodchucks’ need to eat and survive and only views it as an unjustified invasion. This mindset closely aligns with the anti-Semitism that led to the Holocaust. The narrator treats the woodchucks with no right to the garden the same way that â€Å"Jews still carried the burden of proof that they simply had the right to be there† (Hartmann 636). By the third stanza, the Maxine solidifies the narrator’s hatred and blood thirst towards the woodchucks, using a Nazi related scapegoat excuse to rationalize killing them. â€Å"The food from our mouths† (13) starts the stanza; a sentence fragment most likely muttered bitterly by the narrator that fortifies the idea that woodchucks are not simply invading and eating food, but stealing food from the narrator. To the narrator, the woodchucks become the scapegoat for the garden’s ruin the same way the Jews were used to â€Å"blame for the economic collapse of Germany† (Foster 13). However, Maxine also undertones the narrator’s scapegoat claim as unsubstantial and exaggerated. In a vegetable patch containing numerous vegetable types, a small family of woodchucks is unlikely to be as deadly of a threat as the narrator makes it out to be. Similarly, â€Å"The Nazi claim that Germany was being ‘Judaized’ can hardly be substantiated† as Germany’s Jewish inhabitants in 1933 made up a mere â€Å".80 percent of the total population† (Foster 15). The third stanza also starts to unearth the poem’s greater implications towards Nazi ideology with the line â€Å"puffed with Darwinian pieties for killing† (16). The â€Å"Darwinian† aspect is an outstanding piece of the third stanza because it applies a fairly exclusive human social concept to the killing of woodchucks. This is directly related to the Nazi’s ideology which had â€Å"evolved over the previous 80 years from the related notions of eugenics and Social Darwinism† (Erdos 6), but Maxine has not made this relation entirely explicit yet. With the last two stanzas, the narrator degrades the death of the woodchucks. Rather than describe it in detail, the woodchucks â€Å"died down† (18). The evasive language hides any aspects of horror in the killing and gives the deaths a cartoonish aspect when the mother â€Å"dropped† and â€Å"flip-flopped† (19-20). The narrator even portrays their deaths in an eerie sing-song tone when â€Å"O one-two-three / the murderer inside me rose up hard† (22-23). This is linked to the way Holocaust victims were killed systematically (one-two-three) and their bodies were piled up for disposal. The language describing death in the poem and the way killing was carried out in Nazi concentration camps are connected in the way both were dehumanized. The fourth stanza also has a tone shift when the narrator explains â€Å"the murderer inside me rose up hard. / the hawkeye killer came on stage forthwith† (23-24). This part of the poem shifts the tone from the woodchucks as aggressors to the narrator becoming the aggressor. The indirect yet clear tone change indicates that the poem is now less related to the Nazi’s perspective, but the modern view of Nazis as the invaders. The last stanza in this poem brings an ultimate shock to the audience by directly referencing the Nazis in the ending line: â€Å"If only they’d all consented to die unseen / gassed underground the quiet Nazi way† (29-30). Any slight relations to Nazi ideology throughout the poem are now highlighted by this last line. At this point the readers have been carried through an unsteadily reasonable rant by the narrator of the woodchucks as a lesser life form, and then slammed into the allusion to the Nazi’s killings. The entire poem, even the spread-out rhyme scheme, threads into this central idea accented in the last line. Maxine, through the language and design of the poem â€Å"Woodchucks†, ultimately presented how frightening ideology similar to the Nazis is not as uncommon on a small scale as one may think. Works Cited Erdos, E. G. Regarding German Science and Racismroots of the Nazi Holocaust The FASEB Journal 22.6 (2008): 1623. Print. Foster, C. R. Historical Antecedents: Why the Holocaust? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 450.1 (1980): 1-19. Print. Hartmann, Dieter D. Anti-Semitism and the Appeal of Nazism. Political Psychology 5.4 (1994): 635-42. Print.

Sustainable development of Caribbeans tourism industry

Sustainable development of Caribbeans tourism industry The research topic of this paper is Sustainable Development of the Caribbeans tourism industry through proper environmental planning. The research question is the Caribbeans vulnerability and its ability to survive within a global landscape is an ongoing concern. Research was conducted via the internet and articles. Information was gathered covering the various related topics of this paper. This paper will discuss three main objectives. The first objective will deal with the benefits of the Caribbeans tourism industry making mention to two Caribbean islands. In addition to this it will look at the disadvantages and advantages of the tourism industry in the Caribbean. Next it will look at environmental planning and its impact on tourism. This area will make mention to role of the environment in the tourism industry and ways of preserving and conserving our environment. It will also make mention of the adverse effects of tourism on the environment and actions that have been taken to reduce these negative impacts. Finally, the opportunities for the Caribbean as it relates to tourism with their existing resources and make recommendations that may bring the Caribbean tourism industry to a wider world. The paper is intended to give an overview of the Caribbeans tourism industry and how the Caribbean can reach sustainable development by overcoming all negative environmental problems. The Caribbean on a whole has suffered economically, socially and environmentally. Governments seek to improve the quality of life through the existing industries but how can we reach to a point where we have sustainable development in our islands. The aim is to build this through tourism and the environmental planning. Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Another key term would be that of environmental planning (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009). Environmental planning as defined as any planning activity that with an aim to preserve or enhance environmental resources. It looks at how society at present can affect the natural environment both current and in the future. Considerations include, water, land, pollution and other natural resources (The Environmental Education Directory, 2004). The tourism industry has been the driving force for most islands in the Caribbean for the past twenty years. In Grenada for instance, Agriculture was once the driving industry but due to natural disasters and damaging of the Agricultural properties, tourism has taken over as the major driving force in the country but how beneficial is this industry really. Tourism has contributed towards the economy, social lifestyle and ecology and the sustainability of each in the Caribbean (World Trade and Tourism Organization and International Hotel and Restaurant Association (WTTC and IHRA, 1999). Tourism has proven to be a good source of income for many islands. The tourism industry is divided into five different sectors namely accommodation, food and beverage services, recreation and entertainment, transportation and travel services all of which plays an important role in the industry. Others include telecommunications, and manufacturing. With this in mind, tourism is a large provider for jobs for the people of the Caribbean. It has been forecasted that in 2010 Tourism will contribute approximately 11.7% of the worlds GDP and employment for approximately 255 million world-wide (WTTC, 1999) The tourism industry has also fostered improved infrastructure in many Caribbean islands which in turn attracts more foreign investments for foreigners. The need for improved infrastructure is to facilitate tourists. The quality of roads and buildings are very important. In islands where both are not at high standards this may pose problems to the many sectors within industry such as accommodation, that is, the hotels and resorts. In addition, there are many tourists that travel to the Caribbean by cruise ships so it is important the ports can accommodate the large numbers at any given time with efficient service as well (Ellen, Karen WTTC, 2009). It has played a significant role in the Caribbeans up bring. For instance, look at Jamaica, Bahamas, and Trinidad. Tourism in Trinidad accounts for 10.6% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product that is, 14,116.9 Trinidadian dollars and 14.7% of total employment that is, 88,000 jobs. These figures are also expected to rise by 2019 (WTTC, 2009). The same applies for Jamaica where tourism contributes 45% of Jamaicas foreign income and employs 300,000 Jamaicans directly and indirectly (Jamaica Economy, 2008). As it relates to Bahamas, one of their biggest drivers is Tourism. In Bahamas, tourism and other tourism driven sectors account for 60% of their GDP. It employs approximately 50% of their population (The Bahamas, 2009). Overall in 2008, Tourism has accounted for 14.8% of the Caribbeans Gross Domestic product and 12.9% of employment (Nurse, Keith, 2008). Whilst accommodating tourism and its benefits to the Caribbean, the impact of the tourism industry on the environment but be taken into consideration. In other words, how are the related on what impacts do they have on each other. For most tourist destinations, what attracts tourists to the country is the quality of the environment, the many reasons existing in the Caribbean. For this reason, the environments sustainability and preservation is vitality important to the industry. The environment usually provides attractions and sight-seeing for tourists. The resources available in a country both natural and man-made are essential to industry. Combined with infrastructural developments such as roads and airports, the hotels, resorts and marinas, the environment plays a very significant role in the tourism industry. A country lacking proper tourism facilities may negatively impact the economic growth in this industry. In eco-friendly Caribbean islands the marina which is home to many sea creatures must be preserved (WTTC, 1999). Water as a natural resource is highly demanded by the tourism industry in aid of facilitating and accommodating tourists. Tourists rely on water for consumption and personal use. Restaurants use water for cooking and many resorts have pools as an enhancing feature for the tourists. Land area is utilized as well for building hotels and restaurants. Despite the fact that tourism seems to rely heavily on the environment, there are many adverse impacts that tourism has on the environment. Tourism attracts many tourists to the islands of the Caribbean and in effect leads to the overuse of the resources of the environment. For instance, in order to facilitate tourists, accommodation must be provided. One negative impacts of this is deforestation where forests are cut or burnt down to facilitate the building of the hotels and resorts. Another negative impact would be that of increased pollution. Tourist travel around the island sight-seeing increases the chance of land, air, sea and noise pollution. Often times waste is improperly disposed off harming the surroundings and in many cases marine life. In addition to this the marine life as it relates to the coral reefs have been greatly affected by tourism. They are often overused and damaged as a result (WTTC, 1999) Another impact is the increase in diseases. Many of the tourists come to the islands with air-borne diseases from their environment posing a threat to the Caribbean (Anonymous, 2009). In many instances some natural resources are depleted. This occurs when there is an increase in the consumption of any particular resource that is scarce. Water is one of the many resources that when overused results in shortages and possible degradation. This can also increase water pollution since more and more water is able to settle allowing for static water and possible growth of bacteria contaminating the environment. In order to reduce the negative impacts that tourism is having on the environment considerable planning must take place. The hotel industry has implemented certifications in their hotels. One main certification on stream is the Green Globe 21 certification. With this certification hotels are required annually to conduct their business practices in such a way that the environment is being protected. They aim at reducing the amount of water consumed through recycling and conserving energy. Introducing awareness programs about the endangered environment is very important. Many persons are unaware of the consequences of their actions and educating the public on these will give them that drive to protecting the environment. One example of how the public can help protect the environment is through car pooling where persons group up and travel using one vehicle as opposed to the three individuals vehicles. This would help reduce the amount of gas emission into the atmosphere (Sapayan, Maria, 2009). In 2005, Antigua Barbuda, the Sustainable Island Resource Management Mechanism (SIRMM) project was introduced to reduce the problems they experience with over exploitation of the natural environment. It covers are land degradation, poor water quality, loss of biodiversity and many other factors and areas affected (SIRMM Project, n. d.). In many islands, actions have been taken against over harvesting of the marine life. Fishermen often times remove to many of the marine animals in their quest to make a profit, hampering further growth for the future. This has been a threat to the ecosystem of the Caribbean. Governments have implemented close seasons for hunting and fishing in many of the islands. There is need for improvement in this area since many fishermen use this as their source of income by providing fish for hotels and restaurants (Anonymous, 2006). Ecotourism is another means of eliminating the negative impacts of tourism on the environment. Ecotourism is a tourism aimed at preserving the environment. Any island that focuses on ecotourism as their income earners places more emphasis in the preservation of their environment (Mader. C, Pemberton. K Carlisle. A, 2005). The Caribbean aims at expanding and finding a place in the Caribbean and there are many opportunities in doing so. One major opportunity is diversity. The Caribbean for many years has focused on their beautiful beaches, their warm weather, and their white sand. In other words, the three Ss, Sun, sand and sea, the main resources available on the islands. Diversity will not only bring a new look to the experience for tourists but it will boost the Caribbean economy. Many larger tourist destinations have diversified their products and services. They have utilized many of their resources and stepped away from traditional. In the Caribbean stepping away from the traditional is an opportunity for further growth in the tourism industry (Hoschtialek. R, Nov 24 2009). In Grenada for instance, we advertise our white sandy beaches with clear blue waters but what about our ecosystem. How often is our coral reefs made mention of in the Caribbean. For the past decade or so there have been improvements in the products and services which have proven to cause an increase in the number of visitors to the islands (Hoschtialek. R, Nov 24, 2009). There are however many more areas to tap into for instance in Grenada, Levera beach is the Caribbeans third largest turtle nesting area. The tourism industry can develop more into these areas as added attraction for tourists visiting the islands. Also in Grenada, an underwater sculpture museum was built being the first of its kind in the Caribbean. This opens up to diversity. Tourism can use their many resources to introduce innovate ways of entertaining their visitors (Hoschtialek. R, Nov. 24, 2009). Another opportunity lies in Montserrat where the islands volcanic background can be used as a sight-seeing attraction where tourists get the opportunity to see the volcanoes and the remnants of it (Hoschtialek. R, Nov. 24, 2009). Dominica is one island that have tapped into the opportunity of making their environment more eco-friendly. They have invested much into eco-tourism more so than any other island. They place emphasis on enhancing the marine life and use that to their benefit for tourists visiting the island. This is an opportunity present for all islands and is sure to increase the number of investors in the islands since more and more persons are becoming environmentally friendly. This can therefore boost our economy with the foreign direct investments that these may offer (Caribbean Land and Property, 2008). From this report, when looking at the vulnerability, sustainability and the Caribbeans place in the World it is evident that through the tourism industry and environmental planning that the Caribbean can engage into a wider world. The tourism industry has proven to pose both advantages and disadvantages to the Caribbean. In many cases it has been beneficial to the Caribbean by creating job opportunities and boosting the economy. However, with it relying so much on the environment, it has had some negative impacts on the environment. With aims of improving the ways of preserving and conserving the environment, the tourism industry can invest in actions that would bring the environment to a more stabilized one. Environmental planning will decrease the risk associated with tourism because all of the negative impacts are addressed before hand. With this combination of the tourism industry in the Caribbean and proper planning in preserving the environment the Caribbean can have sustainable development and bring a brighter and safer future for individuals all through the cooperation of those now. The Caribbean will grow into a more open place and reap from the benefits while seeking more opportunities for further development. References Anonymous, (2006). Environmental Planning: Educational and Career Outlook. Retrieved on November 24th, 2009 from http://www.enviroeducation.com/majors-programs/env-plan.html Anonymous, (2006). SIRMM Project, A step forward in conserving the environment. Retrieved on November 24th, 2009 from http://www.environmentdivision.info/?q=node/168 Anonymous, (n.d). Caribbean Ecotourism Yields Economic Rewards for Investors, Real estate for ecotourism Supports Caribbean Sustainable Development. Retrieved on November 22nd, 2009 from http://www.prlog.org/10127079-caribbean-ecotourism-yields-economic-rewards-for-investors.html Babu, N. (n.d.). Environmental planning as a tool for environmental protection the need and the possibilities. Retrieved on November 23rd, 2009 from (http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/environment/overview/envo0002pf.htm Charles. M, Pemberton. K, Carlisle. A, (2005). Ecotourism as a Means of Conserving Wetlands. Retrieved on November 22nd, 2009 from http://www.allbusiness.com/finance/1166294-1.html CTV Canada am. (2009). Loren reveals why you should reconsider the Caribbean. Retrieved on November 24th, 2009 from http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20091123/loren_blog_091123/20091123/ Ellen. K (n.d.). EHow, What are the Benefits of tourism in the Caribbean? Retrieved on November 20th, 2009 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5234349_benefits-tourism-caribbean.html FAS Productions, (2008). Jamaica Economy. Retrieved on November 23rd, 2009 from http://www.all-jamaica.com/jamaica/economy.html Hoschtialek. R, personal communication, Nov. 24th, 2009 Nurse, K, (2008). International Centre for Trade and sustainable development, Climate change, tourism and services in small islands. Retrieved on November 19th, 2009 from http://ictsd.org/i/news/bioresreview/34826/ Sapayan, M. (n.d.). Ezine articles, Ways in Preserving the Environment. Retrieved on November 22nd, 2009 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Ways-in-Preserving-the-Environmentid=2463133 Schultz. E, (2009). Caribbean Construction Digest, Preserving our environment. Retrieved on November 23rd, 2009 from http://www.cariconstruction.com/?p=174 U.S Department of State, (2009). Background Note : Bahamas. Retrieved on November 23rd, 2009 from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1857.htm World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), Our common future. Retrieved on November 23rd, 2009 from http://www.iisd.org/sd/